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<text>
<title>
(Hitler) "Beer Hall Revolt"
</title>
<history>
TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--Hitler Portrait
</history>
<link 00021><article>
<source>Time Magazine</source>
<hdr>
November 19, 1923
"Beer Hall Revolt"
</hdr>
<body>
<p> Under cover of darkness General Erich von Ludendorff,
flagitious, inscrutable, unrelenting, sallied forth into the
streets of Munich, capital of Bavaria, accompanied by his
faithful Austrian, Herr Adolf Hitler, to make a coup for the
Hohenzollerns by way of celebrating Nov. 9, the fifth anniversary
of the abdication of the then Kaiser of Doorn.
</p>
<p> With unerring instinct they led their men to a beer-house,
called the Burgerbrau Keller, famed Bavarian cellar. Within was
Bavarian Dictator von Kahr, Minister President von Knilling,
Minister of Interior Schweier and some others. Dr. von Kahr was
in the middle of outlining his state policy in which he denounced
Marxism, when the door opened and in walked Herr Hitler and
General von Ludendorff with some of their followers, who fired a
few shots into the ceiling by way of effect.
</p>
<p> Herr Hitler declared the Bavarian Government had been
superseded and elected himself not only head of Bavaria but
Chancellor of all Germany.
</p>
<p> Dr. von Kahr was offered the post of National Protector, a
la Horthy in Hungary, which he accepted. His companions, Minister
President von Knilling and Minister of Interior Schweier, were
arrested and imprisoned. General Ludendorff was given command of
the Army, which he accepted, and said: "We have reached the
turning point in the history of Germany and the world. God bless
our work!"
</p>
<p> After this distribution of gifts by fairy godfather Hitler,
there was wild talk of a march on Berlin, the destruction of the
Treaty of Versailles, the deposition of President Ebert and the
Berlin Government.
</p>
<p> Everything seemed to be "going" well enough. The people
cheered Ludendorff when he swaggered in or out of anywhere. The
Hitler storm troops were in possession of the city and the sun
was shining brightly on the following day. "Chancellor" Hitler
and "Commander-in-Chief" von Ludendorff were within the War
Office when the loyal Bavarian Reichswehr, commanded by the
"disloyal" (to Berlin) General von Lossow, stormed the building,
and after a short battle the "beer hall revolt" was crushed.
</p>
<p> It appeared that Dictator von Kahr and General von Lossow
were entirely out of sympathy with the movement and declared that
their agreement with the Hitler move was forced by duress. After
leaving the Burgerbrau Keller, Dr. von Kahr had conferred with
General von Lossow and they decided to suppress the revolt with
the faithful Reichswehr (defense force). Ex-Bavarian Crown Prince
Rupprecht, head of the Wittelsbach dynasty, emphatically
repudiated the revolutionary movement.
</p>
<p> In Berlin the news of the coup was received with undisguised
alarm, despite subsequent contrary statements. President Ebert
issued an appeal to the nation, an emergency Cabinet meeting was
held, troops were ordered out by General von Seeckt, Commander-
in-Chief of the Reichswehr. Hardly had this been done when the
news was flashed from Munich that the revolt had been crushed.
</p>
<p> Meanwhile in Munich Dr. von Kahr and General von Lossow
quickly restored order. Minister President von Knilling and
Minister of Interior Schweier were released and resumed their
duties. Herr Hitler escaped from his enemies without hurt, but
was found several days later hiding in the house of one, Ernst
Franz Hanfstaengl, said to be a Harvard graduate and former
Manhattan art dealer. Ludendorff was captured by the Reichswehr,
but released after having given his parole not to plot against
the Bavarian Government. Once free, however, he determined not to
become the scapegoat of a beer-house brawl. With characteristic
defiance he declared that he was bound only by his honor to
refrain from attacking the Government while his and Hitler's
conduct were under consideration. Beyond that he considered
himself free to work for the Hohenzollern's return.
</p>
<p> Thus it was clear that the career of a great German general
is not over; that his iron fist, which proved stronger than that
of Generalfeldmarschall von Hindenberg during the latter part of
the War, is not rusty; that he is still intent upon being treated
as a monster and not a weakling, a soldier of the old brigade and
not a great pure fool. Perhaps, next putsch, he will not frolic
with political opportunists such as Hitler.
</p>
</body>
</article>
</text>